The Musical Alphabet: In Western music, there are 12 different notes that can be played. They are:
A | A# | B | C | C# | D | D# | E | F | F# | G | G#
Each note is a half-step higher than the one proceeding it and a half-step lower than the one following it. In terms of the bass guitar, a half-step is equal to one fret, meaning that every time you move your finger up one fret - the note value increases by a half step (i.e. If you start on an A and move up one fret, then you have moved a half-step higher to an A#).
As you can see, as you move higher up on the fretboard, the note values increase by a half-step for each fret. This makes it easy to find any note you want to on the fretboard. All you need to do is to figure out which note you are on - and you can then move up or down the neck until you reach the note you're looking for.
Source : mahalo.com